Shoulder, arm & hand
Frozen shoulder
When shoulder motion becomes restricted
What it means
Adhesive capsulitis affects the capsule around the shoulder joint. The hallmark is restriction of both active and passive motion, often especially when turning the upper arm outward. Other causes of shoulder stiffness can look similar, so history and examination guide the next step. [1, 2]
What I check in the clinic
I ask how quickly it changed and check how far you can move on your own versus with help. Putting on a jacket or reaching to a seat belt gives us a real task to measure alongside range of motion. The amount of discomfort helps me choose where to start.
What the evidence says about care
Some evidence supports an injection for short-term benefit. UK FROST found no clinically important 12-month difference among its three secondary-care strategies, which included structured physiotherapy plus injection and two procedures. Treatment options depend on the stage, symptoms, and exam. [2, 3, 4]
Common questions
Why is putting on a jacket harder than lifting my arm in front of me?
I’d ask which sleeve or direction gets you stuck. Then we can compare what motion you have on your own and with support and decide what to practice first.
What would count as progress if I still can’t get my arm into the sleeve?
Maybe you can slide it farther into the sleeve or finish with less effort. I’d use the same jacket or a similar movement so we can compare what changed.
Why does my shoulder feel different when I use my other hand to help?
I’d compare both versions and ask where the motion stops and what you feel there. That helps me choose how much movement to ask of it today.
What if I reach farther during the visit but feel more sore that night?
Tell me about both responses. They help us decide whether the range, effort, or amount we tried fits you right now.
Should I force the stiff motion?
Exercise intensity should match how easily symptoms flare. A clinician can help choose a range and dose you can tolerate and adjust as it changes. [1]
What should I bring to an evaluation?
Bring one example of a movement or activity you want back, along with any relevant imaging or treatment notes you already have.